高职院校畜牧兽医专业“大北农模式”创新人才培养方案的深化与推广

乌兰察布职业学院畜牧兽医专业以提升人才培养质量为目的, 在“大北农模式”人才培养的基础上, 加强与企业的深层次合作, 将人才培养分为“基本技能—专业技能—综合能力”3个层次。通过不断改革人才培养方案、重构课程体系、优化课程内容、校企共建考核评价机制、专兼结合“双师型”教学团队的建立, 创建了具有特色的畜牧兽医专业人才培养模式, 形成“校企一体、产学并举、工学结合”的办学特点, 实现了“能养会繁、会繁能防、会防能治、会治能销、会销能管”的高技能人才培养目标。     

新冠疫情对牧区半牧区草原畜牧业的影响及建议

基于全国13个省(区)牧区和半农半牧区的线上调研数据,定量分析了新冠疫情发生对农牧民生活和生产的影响。结果表明:疫情对牧区半牧区生产生活带来一定影响,但整体来看影响低于东南沿海地区。储备饲草料习惯、家畜饲养规模和家庭净收入对农牧民抵御疫情影响的能力具有显著影响。牧区半牧区发展在此次抗击新冠疫情中表现出一定的适应能力,是我国牧区政策、牧区地缘优势和农牧民生产生活习惯共同作用的结果。针对牧区存在的风险与发展短板,从完善牧区政策和市场条件、创新生产模式和社会化服务模式及加强基础建设等方面提出建议,以期为牧区半牧区草原畜牧业平稳有序发展提供科技支撑。     

大蒜总提取的必要性及其总提取物替抗的优势

文章阐明了大蒜总提取的必要性。大蒜总提取物(TGE)具有的维持动物健康的3大屏障(微生物屏障、免疫屏障以及化学屏障与微生物屏障的双重屏障)作用是其替抗的优势所在。运用猪营养工程技术,是充分发挥TGE替抗优势的根本保证。     

Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the United Kingdom

Tick bites on humans can occur in a variety of habitats and may result in the transmission of tick‐borne pathogens, such as the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. As the risk of transmission of this pathogen to the host increases with the duration of tick feeding, the recognition and removal of ticks as soon as possible following attachment is important for reducing the risk of infection. Performing a thorough body examination for ticks following potential exposure is recommended by tick awareness campaigns. Knowledge of where on the body feeding ticks are frequently found, and at which times of year peak tick exposure occurs, provides important information for public health messaging and may aid those bitten by ticks to engage more effectively with tick‐checking behaviour. This paper summarizes human tick bites in the United Kingdom (UK) during 2013–2018 reported to Public Health England's passive Tick Surveillance Scheme and further examines the anatomical location and seasonality of bites from the most commonly encountered tick and LB vector Ixodes ricinus. A total of 1,328 tick records from humans were received of which 93% were I. ricinus. Humans were most commonly bitten by I. ricinus nymphs (70% bites). Tick bites were recorded on all parts of the body, but there were significant differences in their anatomical location on adults and children. Most tick bites on adults occurred on the legs (50%), whereas on children tick bites were mostly on the head and neck (43%). Bites from I. ricinus were recorded throughout the year but were most numerous during May to August. This study adds to the body of research on the seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in temperate Europe and highlights the importance of data collected through passive surveillance in addition to research and epidemiological studies.     

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA across different pig age groups in an intensive pig production system in Australia

This observational study aimed to determine MRSA prevalence using strain‐specific real‐time PCR at the pig level, stratified by age groupings, within a pig enterprise. A total of 658 samples were collected from individual pigs (n = 618) and the piggery environment (n = 40), distributed amongst five different pig age groups. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of mecA, and MALDI‐TOF was performed for species verification. All isolates were tested against 18 different antimicrobials. MRSA was isolated from 75.2% (95% CI 71.8–78.6) of samples collected from pigs, and 71% of the MRSA isolates from this source were identified as community‐associated (CA)‐MRSA ST93, while the remainder were livestock‐associated (LA)‐MRSA ST398. Amongst environmental isolates, 80% (CI 64.3–95.7) were ST93 and the remainder ST398. All MRSA isolates from pigs and the environment were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Phenotypic rates of resistance were penicillin (100%), clindamycin (97.6%), erythromycin (96.3%), ceftiofur (93.7%), chloramphenicol (81.2%), tetracycline (63.1%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (63.9%). A low prevalence of resistance (9.2%) was observed against neomycin and quinupristin–dalfopristin. The probability of MRSA carriage in dry sows (42.2%) was found to be significantly lower (p < .001) when compared to other age groups: farrowing sows (76.8%, RR1.82), weaners (97.8%, RR 2.32), growers (94.2%, RR 2.23) and finishers (98.3%, RR 2.33). Amongst different production age groups, a significant difference was also found in antimicrobial resistance for amoxicillin–clavulanate, neomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Using the RT‐PCR assay adopted in this study, filtering of highly prevalent ST93 and non‐ST93 isolates was performed at high throughput and low cost. In conclusion, this study found that weaner pigs presented a higher risk for CA‐MRSA and antimicrobial resistance compared to other age groups. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MRSA outbreaks should be approached under the One‐Health context.     

朝鲜族传统发酵食品的营养保健功能

以朝鲜族辣白菜为重点，介绍了几种朝鲜族传统发酵食品的营养保健功能及其来源、主要营养成分和功效成分．     

多不饱和脂肪酸对动物基因表达的调控

多不饱和脂肪酸一直被认为是重要的营养物质。现在许多研究人员的工作更多的着眼于其对基因表达的调控和具体的作用机制上。本文综述了近些年来的研究进展，包括多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对脂肪合成组织和非脂肪合成组织中有关基因的调控和PUFA调控基因表达的具体机制。     

陕北农牧交错带土地荒漠化动态变化研究

应用遥感技术与GIS相结合的方法,对陕北农牧交错带不同时期的遥感影像进行校正、增强和自动分类识别,得到1986,1993和2000年3个时期土地荒漠化分布图(数字地图)、空间数据库及其面积统计。结果表明,近15年来该地区土地荒漠化面积增加,严重荒漠化土地大幅度减少,中度和轻度荒漠化土地增多;荒漠化土地的时空转换频繁且复杂,耕地沙化和林地退化是土地荒漠化的主要来源,基本农田建设和生态自然恢复使荒漠化土地发生逆转,区域土地荒漠化得到有效控制,但土地生态系统还相当脆弱;其中人畜数量增加、社会经济发展是驱动荒漠化的主要因子。     

气相质谱法检测动物源性食品中三聚氰胺的残留

为了检测动物源性食品中三聚氰胺的残留,建立气相质谱(GC/MS)方法,并对样品包括鲜乳、鸡蛋、鸡肉和猪肉进行三聚氰胺的残留检测.结果显示,建立的GC/MS方法在线性范围内,回收率高、精密度好,达到国家最低检测限的要求.